Comparing inoculation methods to evaluate the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis on cassava plants

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) es el agente causal del tizón bacteriano de la yuca, una de las principales enfermedades de los cultivos de yuca en América del Sur y África. Hasta ahora, el desarrollo de la enfermedad se mide a través de AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress curve), pero no hay disponibles métodos cuantitativos fiables, esto debido posiblemente a la alta variabilidad del crecimiento bacteriano en la planta. Para establecer un método exacto para la cuantificación bacteriana durante el curso de la infección Xam dentro de los tejidos del huésped, se analizaron las poblaciones de bacterias sobre tallo y hojas, así como corte de hojas de las variedades de yuca MCOL1522 y SG107-35 con la cepa virulenta CIO151 Xam. En esta investigación se muestra que el movimiento de las bacterias a lo largo de los tejidos y especialmente en las hojas es estocástico. Por otra parte, hemos podido demostrar el crecimiento diferencial de la cepa virulenta Xam CIO151 tras la punción al tallo y la cuantificación de la bacteria a 6 cm de distancia del punto de inoculación de dos variedades que presentan niveles contrastantes de susceptibilidad.Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) is the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB), a major disease for cassava crops in South America and Africa. Until now the development of the disease is measured via AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) but no reliable quantitative methods are available probably due to high variability of bacterial growth in planta. To establish an accurate method for bacterial quantification during the course of Xam infection within the host tissues, we analyzed bacterial populations upon stem and leaf-puncturing as well as leaf-clipping of cassava varieties MCOL1522 and SG107-35 challenged with the virulent Xam strain CIO151. Here, we show that the movement of bacteria along the tissues and especially in leaves is stochastic. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate differential growth of virulent Xam strain CIO151 upon stem-puncturing and quantification of bacteria 6 cm. away from the inoculation point of two varieties displaying contrasting levels of susceptibilit

Propuesta para mitigar el PM10 que afecta a la Fundación Palagus en el barrio lagunitas (Bogotá)

El material particulado puede afectar en gran medida la salud respiratoria de la población expuesta, en especial la más vulnerable como niños y ancianos. Los habitantes del Barrio Lagunitas de Bogotá están expuestos a este tipo de contaminante por su cercanía a ladrilleras, que son una fuente de emisión fija de estos compuestos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mitigar las concentraciones de PM10 que está afectando a la Fundación Palagus ubicada en el Barrio Lagunitas (Bogotá), utilizando herramientas de educación en salud ambiental y tecnologías limpias. Por medio de un diagnóstico se determinó el nivel de afectación en que se encontraba expuesta la comunidad de la Fundación, para luego proceder al diseño de mallas captadoras de PM10 que se ubicaron en la puerta y las ventanas del edificio de la misma. La concentración de PM10 fue estimada en 118 μg/m3 en 24 horas, lo que sobrepasa la normativa vigente establecida por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de Colombia. Por medio de la intervención realizada se logró disminuir el PM10 en un 41%, por lo que se concluye que este tipo de sistemas (que son económicos, fácil instalación y reusables) pueden ser bastante eficientes para mitigar este tipo de contaminantes

SCIPP: An Expanded Community of Practice - Community Publishing

SCIPP redefines and expands the existing notions about what makes for a vibrant and robust community of practice by partnering CSUSB students and professors with K-12 students, parents, and educators, along with committed community partners. SCIPP encourages curiosity in ways that leads to critical thinking, exploration, risk taking , confidence building, open-mindedness, and other personal traits that equip them with the softskills to be active, critical, and creative contributors to our communities. SCIPP pedagogy embraces our students\u27 collective wisdom and focuses on relational building where multi-directional communication is promoted and students are viewed as equal stakeholders in their own educations. SCIPP puts collaboration into action which in turn fosters community-based lifelong learning. SCIPP provides the open intellectual space for future university students (our K-12 students) to engage with existing university students in meaningful ways so as to sustain interconnected partnerships facilitating community engagement. It supports parents as experts in the education of their children and acknowledges parents as the first conduits to spark their children’s imagination while they actively participate in education enriching activities and programs. Everyone involved is committed to creating a secure and open atmosphere for dreaming, sharing, and learning. Together we explore the aspects of community publishing through collaborative learning in formal and informal settings relating to digital and printed medias

Memoria Escolar I : dejando Huellas en el Paraíso

96 páginasEste libro reúne los textos de veintitrés estudiantes de grado 11º, y de cuatro docentes, quienes a lo largo de cuatro meses se interesaron por aprender estrategias de escritura que les permitiera elaborar una pieza literaria donde reflexionaran sobre su paso por el IED el Paraíso de Manuela Beltrán. De esta forma, este libro busca preservar la memoria de los estudiantes y docentes que pasan por los pasillos y salones de la institución. Y así, empezar a luchar contra el olvido institucional. En la cotidianidad escolar transcurren diversidad de historias de vida, historias que al no ser escritas van quedando silenciadas en los pasillos y salones del colegio

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Análisis de experiencias de Educación para la paz en América Latina

Licenciado (a) en Pedagogía InfantilPregrad